Which scientist is known for the theory of evolution by natural selection?

The theory of evolution by natural selection is a foundational concept in biology, first proposed by Charles Darwin. Darwin's landmark work, "On the Origin of Species," published in 1859, introduced the idea that species evolve over time through a process where individuals with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. This mechanism explains how species adapt to their environments over generations.

Darwin's observations during his voyage on the HMS Beagle, particularly in the Galápagos Islands, led him to develop this theory, where he noted variations in species that were closely related yet adapted to different environments. The theory of natural selection provides a scientific explanation for the diversity of life on Earth and the relationships between different species, grounding it in empirical observation and evidence.

This concept is not only pivotal in the field of biology but has also influenced various disciplines, including psychology, sociology, and ecology, demonstrating its broad impact on our understanding of life.